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station this is houston are you ready

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houston from the international space

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station i am ready for the event

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discovery canada this is mission control

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houston

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station this is discovery canada's daily

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daily planet dan i hear you loud and

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clear how do you hear me

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wonderfully it's great to talk to you

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the energy level in the studio is

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through the roof right now why because

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commander chris hadfield is here with us

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from the international space station

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chris it is so wonderful to have you

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thank you very much i brought my own

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planet to daily planet today it's nice

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commander hatfield all week we've been

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asking our viewers to submit their

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burning questions for you so let's get

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right into it okay first to get things

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started we have andre dober a grade nine

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student from vancouver bc

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my question is why do some astronauts

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experience motion sickness or headaches

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hey dan or zai can i get you just to

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repeat the question because it echoed

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the question is why do some people

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experience motion sickness and others do

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ah you know we don't know the answer to

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that question

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uh

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it's it's really difficult to predict

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it's sort of like some people can ride

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in the back of a car and get motion sick

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and and some don't or some people go on

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a ride at the at the c e or the p e and

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they get sick and others don't and even

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people in our vomit comment on earth

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that get sick some of them don't get

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sick in space and vice versa so

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um it's something to do with the

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interaction between the eyes and the

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balance system in the inner ear

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but we really don't have a good

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predictor and so we just have to

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anticipate that it might happen and be

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ready to deal with the consequences and

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so chris have you ever experienced it

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personally have you ever been motion

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well when i first get to space yes i

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feel motion sick when i was a fighter

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pilot first learning to fly uh high

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performance airplanes it made me feel

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sick but it's one of the things that

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your body's just trying to protect you

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your body sees a huge change in in how

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it how it sees things and feels things

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and thinks maybe you've been poisoned

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because it doesn't understand why you've

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had all these changes and so your body

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tries to protect you it makes you want

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to throw up to get rid of whatever might

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have poisoned you and it makes you want

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to lie down so you stop metabolizing

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whatever that was so so your body's

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doing its best and almost everybody

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feels sick to some degree

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but after a day or two your body says

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well i didn't let him eat anything and

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he still feels that way so that couldn't

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admit it and then you feel okay again so

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there's nothing wrong with it it's just

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a normal human reaction and being in

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space being weightless is a pretty

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shocking change to your body and uh and

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we get over it we adapt to it

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and after a while we just feel normal

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next we have two very young future

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astronauts of canada

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hi my name is austin and this is my

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brother dylan

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we live in whitby ontario canada

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this is a hatfield

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is it any difference to build something

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space

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than

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and so zion dan if you could tell me

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again what the question was because our

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speaker is about this big up here and it

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the question was is it any different to

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build something in space compared to on

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oh it's really different because

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for all sorts of different reasons

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where do i start let's see if i if i get

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out my tools let's say i want to build

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something and i get my jackknife so i've

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got my jackknife here to try and screw

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something together or cut something well

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if i don't carefully put my jackknife

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somewhere put it back in my velcro

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pocket when i turn around my jackknife

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is going to be gone so one of the

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problems is tools how do you control

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your tools

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another is what you're building doesn't

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need to fight gravity

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so you know if you look at

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let's say you're you're going to build

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the pyramids

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so they have a great big strong base and

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then they go up to a nice pointy top

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because on earth with gravity you have

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to have a big strong base on anything

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that's tall up here

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you hardly need any base at all you

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could just have a uh

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a pencil could hold up to pyramids

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and so even your basic design of

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something is going to be completely

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different

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so uh

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so everything from how to keep your

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tools under control how you're going to

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control your body if i grabbed a drill

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to drill a hole in something as soon as

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i touched the wall my whole body would

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start spinning around and because the

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wall is not going to turn so how you

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brace yourself and then how you design

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something to build you have to rethink

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everything when you're working in space

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so fascinating okay so camille arsenault

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from barrie ontario has another question

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and what she's wondering is at what

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distance a paper plane could fly if it

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well let's see we throw paper airplanes

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here inside the space station here's my

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this is a bag of tea

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let's say this tea was a paper airplane

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if i throw it here in the space station

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it just there's nothing to stop it it'll

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just keep on going until it bumps into

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the wall because it won't fall

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and so so you can gently throw things

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and they'll go the whole length of the

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space station so imagine if you threw

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them outside the space station

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there would be nothing to stop them and

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they would just they would become like

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the moon they would just go forever but

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since we're down so close to the earth

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there's tiny

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random particles of the atmosphere we're

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not completely out of the atmosphere

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there's you know it tails off to almost

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nothing but almost nothing and nothing

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aren't the same thing and so

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there are a few tiny particles of air

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just enough to slow your paper airplane

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down ever so much so that over time it

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would start to decay its orbit would

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start to get dragged down into the

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atmosphere until eventually your paper

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airplane would get pulled down into the

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atmosphere it'd be going

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eight kilometers a second because that's

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how fast we're going and so if you can

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imagine an airplane a paper one going

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eight kilometers a second into the

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atmosphere the

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rubbing with the atmosphere would burn

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it up right away so it would fly for a

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long time until eventually it got pulled

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down to earth and burned up like a

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that would be epic all right now from

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the st lawrence area we have nathan

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purvis

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what is the most important experiment on

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uh

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nate there are two ways to answer that

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question from my point of view the most

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experiment important experiment on the

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space station right now is the one that

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i'm doing and the reason why is because

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if i don't do my part right the

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experiment probably will be a failure

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and so right now while i'm working here

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all the other members of the crew are

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working on their experiments chris is a

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chris cassidy is assembling one in the

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micro savvy microgravity science club

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box and you really want to focus and no

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matter what else is happening that is

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the most important thing of all

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but i think if you were just to come on

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board and think what is the most

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important one i think maybe right now

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it's the alpha magnetic spectrometer

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which is collecting energy from the

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universe it's collecting dark matter

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from the universe and just this week a

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person who won a nobel prize uh dr sam

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ting who's in charge of that experiment

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made a big announcement that they may

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have actually started to prove the

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existence of dark matter with that

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experiment that's on our space station

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that's really interesting it's not

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conclusive yet because it hasn't been

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there long enough to prove it but did we

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we think maybe we're starting to

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understand the basics of what the

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universe is made of and we can prove

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that we can figure that out because of

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the international space station so that

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may prove to be the most important

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okay now jesse de haan from st

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catharines ontario has a very

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interesting plant question for you chris

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my question to you commander hatfield is

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how does weightlessness affect plant

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how does weightlessness he's wondering

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how does weightlessness affect plant

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growth

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right how does weightlessness affect

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plant growth

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um

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well it's confusing for the plant right

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because on earth plants grow up

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uh pretty much but what we found is

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if so long as you can provide them with

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moisture and vitamins whatever their

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roots are

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and that can just be like in a in a

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moist cloth or hydroponics or in like a

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mesh or a

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mix together like a sponge so that you

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you can feed the plant then the plant

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will tend to grow towards your light

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source so if you can set up a root

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system and then set up a light source

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the plant sort of thinks it's the same

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as dirt and the sun and the plant will

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grow and we've grown a lot of different

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plants canadian plants we've grown on

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board we've grown trees small tree

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seedlings on board the station and

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there's lots of other countries that

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have had to plant experiments and we're

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trying to figure out

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why and how to grow them so that when we

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leave earth

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we don't have to bring all of our food

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in cans and in bags and we want to be

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able to

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grow and harvest food just like we do on

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earth a self-sustaining

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environment on board and of course also

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plants help purify the air so we're

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learning how to do that we haven't done

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it enough yet that we can count on it

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for our food or our air purification but

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we have proven that we can successfully

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grow plants on board and that so long as

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you control the roots and the light

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source

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they can they can be healthy and make

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one more viewer question all the way

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from creston bc we have jerry wright

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he's 60 years old he's been following

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space exploration his whole life he

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doesn't have facebook or twitter or even

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a cell phone to make a movie for us but

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his question is do you have to adjust

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the altitude and velocity of the iss as

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its mass changes to maintain orbit in

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other words you know things are coming

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and going from the iss all the time do

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those changes in the mass of the iss

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affect how fast it's going or how high

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that's a really cool question uh

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and the answer is yes but maybe not for

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the reason that you think um you know

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the space station's going around the

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world we're going eight kilometers a

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second

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you know whatever that is almost 500

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kilometers a minute so we go from all

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the way from british columbia where the

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question came from all the way across

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where you guys are in toronto right to

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halifax in about 10 minutes

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so

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we have a huge amount of inertia we

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weigh uh

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you know half a million pounds

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and so we're we're zipping and

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and so when you add one little spaceship

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it doesn't really change

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how we have to accelerate or decelerate

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it's as if

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um

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a train rolling down the track doesn't

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really know if one more person got on or

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not

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now if you wanted to stop the station

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you'd have to worry about it but what we

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really have to worry about is

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controlling the space station because

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it's sort of balanced like this

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microphone

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and

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if you put a great big mass on one end

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then the gravity from the earth will

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make it behave differently one end will

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be pulled down by gravity more than the

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other so you have to control which way

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the space station's pointed and also we

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have great big solar arrays that we

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collect energy with and they almost act

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like sails

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and when we had the question about a

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piece of paper and a paper airplane with

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a tiny bit of drag from the atmosphere

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our solar arrays are huge

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and so in fact our orbit constantly

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gets dragged down towards the earth and

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every month or two we fire our engines

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for a few minutes just to push our orbit

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back up again in fact we did it

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yesterday

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and we just pushed our push ourselves up

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away from the earth a few kilometers

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just just to keep our orbit where it

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should be because if we didn't do

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anything over a long time our orbit

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would decay and we'd spiral down into

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the atmosphere so so yes

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ships coming and going do affect how we

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control and steer the spaceship and yes

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we do have to fire our engines

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occasionally in order to hold our

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chris can you pinpoint the moment you

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yes i decided to become an astronaut on

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july 20th

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1969. i was nine years old and i decided

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to be an astronaut that night and that's

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the night that neil and buzz walked on

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the moon and i i walked outside i looked

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at the moon and i thought you know up

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until yesterday it was impossible to

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walk on the moon and now

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people have walked in the moon so right

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now it may be impossible for a little

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canadian kid to be an astronaut

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but heck it was impossible to walk on

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the moon yesterday so i'm going to give

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it a try and amazingly enough even

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though a nine-year-old kid chose my

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career for me

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that actually came true and here i am

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and so it's just been continual progress

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getting closer and closer to your goal

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the most recent step has been becoming

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commander how has your daily routine

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change now that you're the commander of

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well rather than just worrying primarily

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about my responsibilities i now

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take care of what i'm doing but also i

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think about what everybody else in the

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crew is doing

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i look at everybody else's schedule the

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night before i see where there might be

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conflicts or maybe a crew member is

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doing something for the first time

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i look at how it's all going to

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interplay with each other and then

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during the day

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i go around and check on everybody make

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sure that they're staying on schedule

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they're getting their they're getting

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their greens they're getting enough to

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eat they're getting their exercise

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they're not overworking themselves and

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then i'm also responsible for the

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spaceship

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so in the morning i go around and turn

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everything on i open up the shutters on

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the windows uh get everything working

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and then at night time i'm responsible

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for going around and putting the space

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station to bed making sure everything's

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how it should be

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and that the shutters are closed to

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protect the glass of the windows and all

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the lights are off that should be

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and an hour ago we had an alarm ring on

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the space station one of our warning

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00:15:57,990 --> 00:15:55,680
alarms came on it said we had

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oxygen levels were low so we worked it

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and me as the commander had to sort it

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00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:02,000
out and it's just one of the sensors

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00:16:05,269 --> 00:16:03,680
went bad but

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00:16:07,269 --> 00:16:05,279
it's more like instead of just being a

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00:16:13,749 --> 00:16:07,279
team member i'm a team member and i'm

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how do you want to be remembered after

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00:16:24,310 --> 00:16:17,279
this mission is complete what is your

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uh what i really want

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00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:30,000
is to get things done to get stuff done

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i want our crew the people that are

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00:16:37,030 --> 00:16:34,399
living off of the earth right now to

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feel great sense of accomplishment in

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having really when it was our turn to to

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run this place and to do it to have

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00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:43,120
really done it right

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to have accomplished as many of the

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00:16:50,710 --> 00:16:48,079
things as possible and and also to want

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to get off the spaceship recover and

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then run around and get back in line to

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00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,480
get back on and go do this again because

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if people want to go do it again that

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means it was a successful experience and

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so as the commander those are the two

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things that i that i would really hope

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00:17:08,309 --> 00:17:05,919
that that i can uh i can leave when i

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00:17:09,590 --> 00:17:08,319
finish this job number one is to have

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00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:09,600
really accomplished everything that

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00:17:13,429 --> 00:17:11,039
we're supposed to do while we're up here

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00:17:15,029 --> 00:17:13,439
and two that the people on board enjoyed

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00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:15,039
it so much that they want to go do it

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00:17:21,510 --> 00:17:19,909
chris you're making canada very very

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00:17:22,789 --> 00:17:21,520
proud and you're making earth proud

433
00:17:26,390 --> 00:17:22,799
thanks for your hard work up there and

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00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:28,150
well dan as i was very nice to talk with

435
00:17:31,270 --> 00:17:29,760
both of you thank you for paying

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00:17:33,270 --> 00:17:31,280
attention to all the stuff we're doing i

437
00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:33,280
think in the midst of everything else

438
00:17:36,789 --> 00:17:34,880
that's happening in the world

439
00:17:38,789 --> 00:17:36,799
this is a pretty cool thing as we're

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00:17:40,390 --> 00:17:38,799
leaving earth permanently i'm really

441
00:17:42,789 --> 00:17:40,400
happy to be part of it and i'm really

442
00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:42,799
glad to know you two folks and and help

443
00:17:52,789 --> 00:17:44,640
tell the story to everybody else so it's

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00:18:00,630 --> 00:17:55,510
station this is houston acr thank you

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00:18:04,390 --> 00:18:02,310
and thank you discovery canada station